AIR SPACE:
Cavity separating a structure and the veneer, in order to prevent moisture. Also: Wall Cavity.
ANCHOR:
Device to support and/or tie back stone units.
ASHLAR:
Walling of plain blocks of stone, finely dressed and jointed to given dimensions and laid in courses.
BACK-UP WALL:
Concrete, brick or stone backing structure to which anchors can be attached.
BASE SUPPORT:
Retention angle, which transfers the weight of a stone unit to the back-up masonry.
BOND BREAKER:
Sheet of polyethylene or other waterproofing compound set between the concrete and the stone of a stone-faced pre-cast concrete panel.
BOND STONE:
Slab of structurally sound stone used as a backing material for patterned stone veneer.
BOOK MATCH PATTERN:
Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block in a repetitive pattern.
BOWING:
Buckling of exterior stone units due to shrinkage or shortening of the structure.
BUTTERING:
Placing mortar on stone units with a trowel before setting into position.
BUTT JOINT:
a. Joint between two abutting stone units, not visible with the naked eye.
b. Type of external corner.
CAULKING:
Making a joint tight against leakage by forcing in a sealing compound.
CAVITY VENT:
Vent or opening in the joints of the veneer allowing equal air pressure and moisture content both in the wall cavity and the exterior.
CHEMICAL ANCHOR:
Type of anchor set into the back-up masonry by means of bonding compounds.
CLADDING:
a. In British English, external vertical or near vertical non load bearing covering of stone units to a structure.
b. In American English, any vertical non-load bearing covering of stone units to a structure.
CLIP ANGLE:
Corner-shaped non-continuous load-bearing support.
COPING:
Flat stone used as a cap on freestanding walls.
COURSE:
A horizontal range of units the length of a wall.
CRAMP:
U-shaped piece of metal used to tie stone units to one another or to their backing.
CRAZY PAVING:
Paving formed by pieces without definite shapes and dimensions.
CURTAIN WALL:
Non-load bearing paneled veneer spanning between columns.
DOWEL:
a. Metal anchoring device used to tie stiffeners or liners to the back of the slab.
b. Drop dowel
DROP DOWEL:
Metal wire anchoring device, used to tie a stone unit to the strap.
END MATCH PATTERN:
Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block in a repetitive pattern.
END SLIP PATTERN:
Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block end to end in a repetitive pattern.
EPOXY:
Thermosetting resin formed by the polymerization of an epoxide (ethylene oxide), used chiefly in coatings and adhesives owing to its resistance to chemicals.
EXPANSION BOLT:
Bolt inserted in a drilled hole, which expands and grips by being screwed into it.
EXPANSION JOINT:
Joint designed to accommodate movements of a structure and/or shortening of a frame.
FACE FIXING:
Anchoring device set through the face of a stone unit combining the function of a load bearing and a restraint fixing.
FACING:
Vertical non-load bearing covering of dimensional stone to a structure. Also: Veneer.
FEATURE JOINT:
Joint highlighted by means of bevels, insert strips, or other devices.
FEATURE STRIP:
Decorative element of metal, stone, resins, etc., set in the joints of patterned flooring. Also: insert strip.
FLOOR:
Covering of a surface subject to foot traffic.
FLOORING BORDER:
Stone unit lay along the perimeter of a floor covering and bordering a flooring pattern. In exteriors: paving border.
FLOOR PATTERN:
Particular arrangement of stone payers on a surface. The flooring pattern can be as large as the entire floor covering or be repeated throughout it.
FLOOR POLISHER:
Movable machine for polishing floor on site.
GRAVITY ANCHOR:
Anchor that transfers the weight of the stone unit to the structure.
GROUT:
Thin mortar consisting of Portland cement and water.
GROUTING:
The process of applying thin mortar to fill the joints between stone units.
HEAD SUPPORT:
Relieving angle tying back stone units to a backup masonry.
HERRINGBONE PATTERN:
Herringbone arrangement of stone units on a surface.
INLAID FLOOR:
Floor covering consisting of thin stone decorative units inserted in sinkings made in an underlying material.
INSTALLATION:
The process of setting dimensional stone into place.
INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT:
Retention angle, which both transfers the weight of a stone unit to the backup masonry and ties back the stone unit below.
INTRADOS:
The interior surface of an arch.
JOINTING LAYOUT:
The patterning of stone units and joints on a surface.
LAMINATED PANEL:
Veneer panel achieved by gluing a decorative pattern of thin stone pieces onto a bond stone.
LEVELLING SCREED:
Thin layer of mortar or other material lay beneath the setting bed to compensate differences in level.
LINER:
a. Reinforcement to naturally unsound types of stone, cross pinned and glued to the stone unit.
b. Slab of structurally sound stone used as a backing material for patterned stone veneer. Liners are generally twice as thick as the material being used.
LINING:
Dry covering to any internal building surface.
LINTEL:
Load bearing horizontal member spanning above an opening.
LOADBEARING:
Transferring the weight of a stone unit to a structure.
MOCK-UP:
Structural model of assembled stone units built for display and/or testing.
MORTAR:
Mixture of cement, lime, or gypsum plaster with sand and water.
MOSAIC FLOOR:
Decorated surface achieved by setting small pieces of variously colored material arranged in patterns.
MOVEMENT JOINT:
Joint allowing for movement between adjacent units.
OFFSET PATTERN:
Jointing layout where adjacent horizontal courses are laid offset one to another.
OPEN JOINT:
Joint in which adjacent parts do not abut, leaving a gap filled with a sealant.
PAPER JOINT:
Joint 1/32 inch wide.
PATTERNED FLOORING:
Floor covering achieved by arranging joints, stone materials and color and vein blending in the desired pattern.
PEDESTAL:
Metal support for stone panels of a raised modular floor.
PIECE MARK:
Reference number or letter marked on stone units, corresponding to its location in a jointing layout.
PIN:
Metal anchoring device used to cross pin stiffeners to the back of a stone unit.
PROJECTION:
Part of a stone unit that juts out.
QUARTER MATCH PATTERN:
Specific type of symmetrical arrangement achieved by placing panels of the same block in a repetitive pattern. Also: diamond match pattern.
QUIRK MITRE JOINT:
Type of external corner.
RABBETED JOINT:
Type of external corner.
RAISED FLOOR:
Flooring consisting of stone-faced panels placed on a grid and supported by pedestals.
RANDOM LENGTH PATTERN:
Jointing layout achieved with pieces of varying length
RESTRAINT FIXING:
Anchoring device used to tie back a stone unit to a structure.
RETENTION ANGLE:
Corner-shaped load bearing continuous support.
RISER:
The upright member between two stairs treads.
RUSTICATION:
Decorative masonry achieved by recessing the edges of stones so that a channel is formed at each joint.
SANDWICH-VENEER PANEL:
Insulated prefabricated panel consisting of thin stone panels bonded onto a non-flammable core or aluminum honeycomb panels, weighing much less than stone-faced pre-cast units.
SCREED:
Layer of mortar or other material laid as a base for a finished floor.
SEALANT:
An elastic adhesive compound used to seal stone veneer joints.
SETTING BED:
Thin layer of mortar or other material upon which the finished floor is laid.
SETTING SPACE:
A term used to indicate the distance from the finished face of the marble to the face of the back-up wall.
SHIM:
Thin metal piece or slip used to level an anchoring device.
SIDE SLIP PATTERN:
Specific type of symmetrical arrangement obtained by placing panels of the same block side to side in a repetitive pattern.
SILL:
A horizontal unit used at the base of an exterior opening in a structure.
SKIRTING:
Continuous strip of stone covering the joint between the wall and the adjoining flooring.
SLURRYING:
Protecting a finished surface by coating with a weak mix of lime and stone dust to prevent staining. This slurry is washed off on completion of the job.
SOFFIT:
The underside of a member.
SOFFIT HANGER:
Metal anchoring device supporting a soffit.
SPANDREL:
Part of the cladding spanning between two columns.
SPRING CLIP:
Wire anchoring device used in the manufacture of pre-cast panels to tie the slab to the wire mesh.
STACKED BOND:
Jointing layout characterized by unbroken vertical and horizontal joints running throughout the floor surface.
STONE-FACED PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL:
Pre-fabricated panel consisting of stone panels dowelled to a reinforced concrete backing.
STONE-FACED STEEL TRUSS PANEL:
Stone-faced prefabricated panel consisting of a steel truss or steel frame and stone units attached on one side. Also: Truss Panel.
STOOL:
A flat unit of stone often referred to an interior window sill.
STRAP:
Metal anchor made of flat stock with different shapes.
STRUT:
Metal member of a frame, supporting the anchoring devices of the stone and tied up to the back-up masonry.
STUD:
Upright member of a framing to which the stone anchoring devices are fastened.
SUBFLOOR:
Wooden or plywood base for the underlying layers of a finished floor.
TERRAZZO:
Flooring made by embedding small pieces of marble or granite in a mortar bed and, after hardening, grinding and polishing the surface.
TREAD:
The horizontal part of a step, subject to foot traffic.
WASH:
Sloped area in a stone unit to allow water to run over.
